什么是树脂固化？

Resin is a plant secretion that hardens when exposed to air; fossilized resin is called amber. Although Pliny in the first century recognized that amber was produced from "marrow discharged by trees,`` amber has been widely misunderstood to be a semiprecious gem and has even been described in mineralogy textbooks. Confusion also persists surrounding the term ``resin,``which was defined before rigorous chemical analyses were available. Resin is often confused with gum, a substance produced in plants in response to bacterial infections, and with sap, an aqueous solution transported through certain plant tissues. Resin differs from both gum and sap in that scientists have not determined a physiological function for resin.

In the 1950s, entomologists posited that resin may function to repel or attract insects. Fraenkel conjectured that plants initially produced resin in nonspecific chemical responses to insect attack and that, over time, plants evolved that produced resin with specific repellent effect. But some insect species, he noted, might overcome the repellent effects, actually becoming attracted to the resin. This might induce the insects to feed on those plants or aid them in securing a breeding site. Later researchers suggested that resin mediates the complex interdependence, or "coevolution," of plants and insects over time. Such ideas led to the development of the specialized discipline of chemical ecology, which is concerned with the role of plant chemicals in interactions with other organisms and with the evolution and ecology of plant antiherbivore chemistry (plants` chemical defenses against attack by herbivores such as insects).

树脂是一种植物分泌物，暴露在空气中会变硬;石化的树脂被称为琥珀。虽然普林尼在一世纪时就认识到琥珀是由“树木排出的骨髓”产生的，但“琥珀一直被广泛误解为一种半珍贵的宝石，甚至在矿物学教科书中有描述。”人们对“树脂”这个词的困惑也一直存在，它是在严格的化学分析出现之前被定义的。树脂常与树胶和树液混淆，树胶是植物在应对细菌感染时产生的物质，树液是通过某些植物组织运输的水溶液。树脂不同于树胶和树液，因为科学家还没有确定树脂的生理功能。

在20世纪50年代，昆虫学家推测树脂可能具有驱虫或吸引昆虫的功能。弗伦克尔推测，植物最初产生树脂是在对昆虫攻击的非特异性化学反应中，随着时间的推移，植物进化出具有特异性驱避作用的树脂。但他指出，一些昆虫可能会克服驱避效应，实际上会被树脂吸引。这可能会诱使昆虫以这些植物为食，或帮助它们获得繁殖地点。后来的研究人员提出，树脂调节了植物和昆虫随着时间的推移复杂的相互依赖，或“共同进化”。这些想法导致了化学生态学这一专门学科的发展，该学科关注植物化学物质在与其他生物相互作用中的作用，以及植物抗食草化学(植物抵御昆虫等食草动物攻击的化学防御)的进化和生态学。

参见上面的树脂Resin