D1上的OpenEuler烧录安装及根目录扩容

小四 2023-02-06 17:33 28次浏览 0 条评论操作系统

20210810更新：

openEuler在全志D1的tf镜像现在出了第二版， wifi 可以使用了，欢迎试用~

https://mirror.iscas.ac.cn/plct/openEuler-D1-wifi-enabled-20210810.img.bz2

本次实验基于 Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS：

$ lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS Release: 20.04 Codename: focal

镜像的烧录及扩容方法与之前类似，不过有时候可能在x64主机上执行resize2fs之后在板子上执行df -h发现并空间并没有扩大，这时候需要在D1上再执行一次resize2fs，先执行fdisk -l查看分区情况：

[root@openEuler-RISCV-rare ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 29.74 GiB, 31914983424 bytes, 62333952 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: gpt Disk identifier: EACEFD8D-68B3-493F-868A-5364E0A693D8 Device Start End Sectors Size Type /dev/mmcblk0p1 34784 35039 256 128K Linux filesystem /dev/mmcblk0p2 35040 35295 256 128K Linux filesystem /dev/mmcblk0p3 35296 100831 65536 32M Linux filesystem /dev/mmcblk0p4 100832 62333918 62233087 29.7G Linux filesystem

这里和x64的分区名sdb4不同，需要操作的是mmcblk0p4分区：

[root@openEuler-RISCV-rare ~]# resize2fs /dev/mmcblk0p4 resize2fs 1.45.3 (14-Jul-2019) Filesystem at /dev/mmcblk0p4 is [ 630.990424] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p4): resizing filesystem from 1259280 to 31116540 blocks mounted on /; on-line resizing required old_desc_blocks = 5, new_desc_blocks = 119 [ 636.357985] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p4): resized filesystem to 31116540 The filesystem on /dev/mmcblk0p4 is now 31116540 (1k) blocks long. [root@openEuler-RISCV-rare ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/root 29G 1.1G 27G 4% / devtmpfs 492M 0 492M 0% /dev tmpfs 496M 0 496M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 496M 1.7M 494M 1% /run tmpfs 496M 0 496M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 496M 0 496M 0% /tmp tmpfs 100M 0 100M 0% /run/user/0

至此扩容成功。

连接WiFi

执行ifconfig可以看到wlan0，新版本的镜像已经支持了wifi。

可以使用nmtui图形模式配置，直接输入命令nmtui即可：

接着选择：Edit a connection -> <Add> -> Wi-Fi

填写Profile name、SSID、选择认证方式，然后就可以连接上WiFi了 : )

以下为原文

本次实验基于 Ubuntu 21.04：

$ lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 21.04 Release: 21.04 Codename: hirsute

由于该镜像采用了hybrid混合分区，在Ubuntu 18.04上使用fdisk（版本2.34）进行扩容后会破坏分区，导致系统无法正常进入；而Ubuntu 21.04的fdisk版本为2.36，并且在fdisk使用M命令可以进入MBR分区，应该是对hybrid混合分区提供了支持。

将sd卡放入读卡器，连接到x64主机上。

下载openEuler for D1的镜像：

$ wget https://mirror.iscas.ac.cn/plct/openEuler-D1-20210731.img.bz2

查看sd卡的盘符：

$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 29.72 GiB, 31914983424 bytes, 62333952 sectors Disk model: SDDR-B531 Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: gpt Disk identifier: EACEFD8D-68B3-493F-868A-5364E0A693D8

可以看到/dev/sdb即为SD卡。

使用dd命令将镜像烧录到sd卡中：

bzcat openEuler-D1-20210731.img.bz2 | sudo dd of=/dev/sdb bs=1M iflag=fullblock oflag=direct conv=fsync status=progress

dd命令参数解释

dd –help中对各参数作用描述如下：

Each FLAG symbol may be: dsync use synchronized I/O for data // 对应oflag=dsync sync likewise, but also for metadata // 对应oflag=sync Each CONV symbol may be: fdatasync physically write output file data before finishing // 对应conv=fdatasync fsync likewise, but also write metadata // 对应conv=fsync

除此之外上述命令的参数含义如下：

bs 一次读写的比特数

conv 依照每个逗号分割的标志列表转换文件

direct 使用直接I/O 存取模式

fullblock 为输入积累完整块(仅iflag)

执行完成后在x86主机上使用fdisk进行扩容

$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.36.1). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. A hybrid GPT was detected. You have to sync the hybrid MBR manually (expert command M). Command (m for help): p #查看并记录第四个分区的起始扇区 Disk /dev/sdb: 29.72 GiB, 31914983424 bytes, 62333952 sectors Disk model: SDDR-B531 Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: gpt Disk identifier: EACEFD8D-68B3-493F-868A-5364E0A693D8 Device Start End Sectors Size Type /dev/sdb1 34784 35039 256 128K Linux filesystem /dev/sdb2 35040 35295 256 128K Linux filesystem /dev/sdb3 35296 100831 65536 32M Linux filesystem /dev/sdb4 100832 2607103 2506272 1.2G Linux filesystem Command (m for help): d #删除分区 Partition number (1-4, default 4): 4 Partition 4 has been deleted. Command (m for help): n #新建分区 Partition number (4-128, default 4): 4 First sector (100832-62333918, default 102400): 100832 #和最开始记录的第四个分区的起始扇区相同 Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (100832-62333918, default 62333918): Created a new partition 4 of type Linux filesystem and of size 29.7 GiB. Partition #4 contains a ext4 signature. Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: n Command (m for help): w #写入修改 The device contains hybrid MBR — writing GPT only. The partition table has been altered. Syncing disks.

这时候扩容的空间还不能完全使用，需要对第四个分区执行resize2fs命令：

$ sudo resize2fs /dev/sdb4 resize2fs 1.45.7 (28-Jan-2021) Filesystem at /dev/sdb4 is mounted on /media/linux/rootfs; on-line resizing required old_desc_blocks = 8, new_desc_blocks = 119 The filesystem on /dev/sdb4 is now 31116540 (1k) blocks long.

即烧录完成并扩容成功，之后将sd卡放入D1并开机，耐心等待。

登陆账号密码: root/openEuler12#$

openEuler 20.03 (LTS) Kernel 5.4.61 on an riscv64 openEuler-RISCV-rare login:

进入后查看空间大小：

[root@openEuler-RISCV-rare ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/root 29G 952M 27G 4% / devtmpfs 492M 0 492M 0% /dev tmpfs 496M 0 496M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 496M 1.6M 495M 1% /run tmpfs 496M 0 496M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 496M 0 496M 0% /tmp tmpfs 100M 0 100M 0% /run/user/0

进入系统之后使用 date -s 修改系统时间，否则无法使用yum命令。